[INFORMATIVE] Exposing Fast Furniture
Exposing Fast Furniture
By: Aerin Choy
We’ve all heard of fast fashion, companies all engaging in unsustainable business practices to create pieces of clothing that barely last. But have you heard of fast furniture?\
It is a phenomenon that mirrors its fashionable sister, where companies produce low-quality furniture pieces and sell them at cheap prices at the expense of the environment. Many of these pieces end up in landfills before their 5th birthday, leaching chemicals into the land. In addition, a swirl of eco-crimes including polluting soil during production, logging in protected areas, and greenwashing surround these companies but are virtually unknown to the consumer. The main culprit amidst the scandals is IKEA: the furniture giant and Swedish sweetheart.
IKEA: the Swedish Sweetheart
We all love IKEA, whether it would be the Swedish meatballs or the chance to live in a perfectly furnished room, blissfully ignoring the skyrocketing rent and high prices, the organization is hard to hate. The cheap furniture answers all our woes, it brings an aesthetic touch to our lives and is functional(for a couple of years). If one scrolls through the IKEA website, we would be met with impressive feats in sustainability. IKEA aims to be ‘only sourcing renewable or recycled materials by 2030’, they no longer sell non-rechargeable alkaline batteries and swap them with their own design, LADDA rechargeable ones. 99.5% of their wood is FSC certified or recycled and they have 100% renewable electricity in IKEA on top of creating a 35% more efficient LED lightbulb. It sounds amazing, we can’t wait to go to our local IKEA and browse, maybe even buy something. Until we start nitpicking and unpacking everything and it comes to light.
The unpleasant truth
NGO’s Earthsight and Disclose have been at the forefront of the investigation of the furniture giant for a couple of years. Both organizations investigate breaches in environmental justice and bring them to light. The information that they have discovered is shocking but crucial to know.
To understand IKEA better, we need to take a step into their shoes. They are a leader in the top 10 furniture manufacturers globally, they have nearly 500 stores in 63 countries. In 2023, their annual revenue was 47.6 billion euros. How do they achieve this? The answer is more than 1000 suppliers around the world IKEA, which manufactures furniture and ships it to various stores. Even though IKEA's code of conduct pushes for suppliers that make positive choices towards the planet, the allegations of cutting down trees in protected areas in Russia or pollution in Brazil, somehow the promise for a sustainable brand gets tangled.
Case study: Deep in the South American rainforests
The Billy Bookcase, one sold every five seconds worldwide, took the world by storm but its own origins are causing a storm. Disclose identified shipments of wood planks from Brazil from one of IKEA’s largest partners: Artemobili. This Brazilian firm is key to the production lines for IKEA stores in the US and Europe, according to Disclose and the Brazilian Customs IKEA bought 34.4 million worth of goods from them in 2023.
Artemobili has been to court for environmental crimes. In 2018, Brazilian environmental inspectors discovered that on the factory grounds there were large amounts of toxic waste buried nearby, exemplified by pieces of plastic, sawdust, and materials from production nested in the soft soil. It also was found that the factory had cut down trees and set up a sawmill without the government’s authorization. The fine was only 28,886,35 reals or nearly 6000 Euros, a poor deterrent for future crimes.
Those who stand to profit from the destruction of the environment should be held responsible, but while all fingers are pointing at Artemobili, where is IKEA in the picture? Disclose contacted the company but their responsibility was unclear. They stated that they expected ‘compliance with local laws and regulations at all times from all suppliers’, still leaving a thick web to untangle. With the looming shadow of legal action, Artemobili is still running their huge production factories with 1500 tonnes of wood packed in IKEA cartons produced in December 2022 and November 2023. They aspire to expand to other areas in South America like Chile, where other possible environmental crimes may happen.
Case study 2: Far, far away in Siberia…
In 2021, after an investigation by EarthSight, IKEA was accused of connections to deforestation in Russia. For decades, children's beds, doll houses, chairs, tables, and more have been created with wood originating from protected regions. An estimate by Earthsight suggests that consumers have been buying an Ikea product containing suspected Russian lumber somewhere on Earth every two minutes. Earthsight compelled data from satellite images, court records, customs data, and direct visits to logging sites to understand the journey from the Siberian forests to the shelf at an Ikea. They managed to track the lumber back to a Russian politician, Evgeny Bakurov. His businesses produced Russian lumber that was later on sold to various companies, but to make things profitable, some dark deals were made.
Russia has more than 800 million hectares of forest that blanket the Earth, they’re also the world’s largest timber exporters and producers. The EU imports all sorts of wood products from Russia each year, the value of those products is almost 3 billion euros. The media frequently shows forest fires around the world: in Indonesia, the Amazon, and California but the Russian boreal forests have somehow been forgotten. Like the Amazon, they are part of the lungs on Earth and are responsible for the liveable climate.
Russia has lost 69.5 million hectares of trees since 2001 from logging, each year losing an area around the size of Texas. Normally, they completely clear the forest and then give it time to regrow but the rate of regrowth still trails behind the rates of the forest being cut down. Other than logging, the most serious threat to Russian forests is the forest fire, due to the warmer weather, fires have been starting all around the forests in Siberia since about 2010. Greenhouse gases trapped in permafrost are melting causing heat-trapping gases to be released into the atmosphere increasing the effects of global warming. It creates a downward spiral switching between permafrost released and flames, everything just burning, burning, and burning. This problem is exacerbated by the logging, unused wood thrown on forest floors acts as catalysts that the fires swallow up and leaf littering forest floors feed the flames. Deforestation near bodies of water makes the land vulnerable to erosion, recent floods in June 2024 have accumulated nearly 530 million USD in damages, and the local press suspect that illegal logging in protection zones has contributed to this.
Government regulations are easy to skirt and illegal logging continues despite the concern for the forest fires. Many businesses use the guise of ‘sanitary felling’, which is when trees are cut down due to concerns over the spread of disease or pests, covering up the problem in plain sight. Bakurov’s businesses have extracted almost 2.16 million cubic meters of wood from protected forests over the last ten years, according to Earthsight. The businesses obtain licenses to chop trees at the same time the licenses are changed multiple times to allow more trees to be cut down. Additionally, falsified reports that claim that a forest pathologist has checked the trees lead to unclear records. Photographs over time by Earthsight reveal the scary truth, swaths of green become smaller and smaller, replaced by earthy browns or even ghostly pale land.
Another important aspect of this investigation was how the FSC highlighted by Earthsight was why the Forest Stewardship Council approved Bakurov’s companies. The audits by FSC did not mention any illegal logging that has been documented by Russian authorities and the local media. IKEA relies heavily on this organisation's guidance but Earthsight has exposed how the trust has been misplaced. FSC revoked the certification for Bakurovs companies in June 2021.
Case study: Deep in the South American rainforests
The Billy Bookcase, one sold every five seconds worldwide, took the world by storm but its own origins are causing a storm. Disclose identified shipments of wood planks from Brazil from one of IKEA’s largest partners: Artemobili. This Brazilian firm is key to the production lines for IKEA stores in the US and Europe, according to Disclose and the Brazilian Customs IKEA bought 34.4 million worth of goods from them in 2023.
Artemobili has been to court for environmental crimes. In 2018, Brazilian environmental inspectors discovered that on the factory grounds there were large amounts of toxic waste buried nearby, exemplified by pieces of plastic, sawdust, and materials from production nested in the soft soil. It also was found that the factory had cut down trees and set up a sawmill without the government’s authorization. The fine was only 28,886,35 reals or nearly 6000 Euros, a poor deterrent for future crimes.
Those who stand to profit from the destruction of the environment should be held responsible, but while all fingers are pointing at Artemobili, where is IKEA in the picture? Disclose contacted the company but their responsibility was unclear. They stated that they expected ‘compliance with local laws and regulations at all times from all suppliers’, still leaving a thick web to untangle. With the looming shadow of legal action, Artemobili is still running their huge production factories with 1500 tonnes of wood packed in IKEA cartons produced in December 2022 and November 2023. They aspire to expand to other areas in South America like Chile, where other possible environmental crimes may happen.
Case study 2: Far, far away in Siberia…
In 2021, after an investigation by EarthSight, IKEA was accused of connections to deforestation in Russia. For decades, children's beds, doll houses, chairs, tables, and more have been created with wood originating from protected regions. An estimate by Earthsight suggests that consumers have been buying an Ikea product containing suspected Russian lumber somewhere on Earth every two minutes. Earthsight compelled data from satellite images, court records, customs data, and direct visits to logging sites to understand the journey from the Siberian forests to the shelf at an Ikea. They managed to track the lumber back to a Russian politician, Evgeny Bakurov. His businesses produced Russian lumber that was later on sold to various companies, but to make things profitable, some dark deals were made.
Russia has more than 800 million hectares of forest that blanket the Earth, they’re also the world’s largest timber exporters and producers. The EU imports all sorts of wood products from Russia each year, the value of those products is almost 3 billion euros. The media frequently shows forest fires around the world: in Indonesia, the Amazon, and California but the Russian boreal forests have somehow been forgotten. Like the Amazon, they are part of the lungs on Earth and are responsible for the liveable climate.
Russia has lost 69.5 million hectares of trees since 2001 from logging, each year losing an area around the size of Texas. Normally, they completely clear the forest and then give it time to regrow but the rate of regrowth still trails behind the rates of the forest being cut down. Other than logging, the most serious threat to Russian forests is the forest fire, due to the warmer weather, fires have been starting all around the forests in Siberia since about 2010. Greenhouse gases trapped in permafrost are melting causing heat-trapping gases to be released into the atmosphere increasing the effects of global warming. It creates a downward spiral switching between permafrost released and flames, everything just burning, burning, and burning. This problem is exacerbated by the logging, unused wood thrown on forest floors acts as catalysts that the fires swallow up and leaf littering forest floors feed the flames. Deforestation near bodies of water makes the land vulnerable to erosion, recent floods in June 2024 have accumulated nearly 530 million USD in damages, and the local press suspect that illegal logging in protection zones has contributed to this.
Government regulations are easy to skirt and illegal logging continues despite the concern for the forest fires. Many businesses use the guise of ‘sanitary felling’, which is when trees are cut down due to concerns over the spread of disease or pests, covering up the problem in plain sight. Bakurov’s businesses have extracted almost 2.16 million cubic meters of wood from protected forests over the last ten years, according to Earthsight. The businesses obtain licenses to chop trees at the same time the licenses are changed multiple times to allow more trees to be cut down. Additionally, falsified reports that claim that a forest pathologist has checked the trees lead to unclear records. Photographs over time by Earthsight reveal the scary truth, swaths of green become smaller and smaller, replaced by earthy browns or even ghostly pale land.
Another important aspect of this investigation was how the FSC highlighted by Earthsight was why the Forest Stewardship Council approved Bakurov’s companies. The audits by FSC did not mention any illegal logging that has been documented by Russian authorities and the local media. IKEA relies heavily on this organisation's guidance but Earthsight has exposed how the trust has been misplaced. FSC revoked the certification for Bakurovs companies in June 2021.
On top of the failing environmental integrity of wood suppliers and the depressing deforestation and pollution that marrs our world. The carbon footprint from shipping adds up as well as manufacturing emissions. There have also been greenwashing scandals in New Zealand, where IKEA is buying land from Maori farmers to plant nonlocal trees as part of their carbon credit scheme as well as violations of human rights in factories in Belarus. For now, IKEA’s sustainable goals and carbon neutrality target look difficult to achieve.
Solutions & Alternatives
The struggle for a stylish home at an affordable price point has never been so real. With the looming threat of climate change, we’re caught as eco-friendly consumers between two sides: our old habits and the habits that help. In this economy, with skyrocketing house prices, it is difficult to buy good quality pieces for young people. Here are some of the possible solutions that avoid the furniture fast lane.
The first option you can consider is thrifting furniture or second-hand off websites, there are plenty of good quality pieces for an affordable price at your local second-hand store or on Facebook Marketplace. Looking for natural or organic sources and a sustainable origin of furniture can help you find more sustainable pieces, which can be recycled if worn down.
Another option is to buy from sustainable brands including Masaya and Co., which is a Nicaragua-based furniture firm that plants trees and uses them to make handcrafted furniture. Etsy also has a website called Etsy Reclaimed Furniture that allows you to browse second-hand furniture in your area that piques your fancy.
In recent years, there have been companies that offer people the opportunity to rent furniture over some time such as Fernish. For those, who are frequently relocating, this is a great option to not only save money but also the planet.
Through the furniture design process, many designers have taken a stand against fast furniture through their creative designs. Piet Hein Eek, a Dutch designer created a cabinet made out of scrap wood, it is an interpretation of the wastefulness of our resource usage. While Yinka Ilori, upcycles old furniture with new colors and aesthetics, breathing new life into chairs that were meant for the landfill. Taking a stand using their talents increases the options for consumers and allows them to use the power of choice to fight for the future of our planet.
What happens next….
When allegations of eco crimes against so-called sustainable organizations emerge in the news, as consumers we question the society we live in, unsure of our next steps. Do we hate the organization or continue our lives ignoring its impact on our world? That’s up to you. This is a call for consumers to be innovative with their habits and furniture within their own homes. There is no Planet B.
Works Cited
Aguayo, Jose. “What’s the Deal with Toxics in Furniture?” Center for Environmental Health, 12 December 2023, https://ceh.org/whats-the-deal-with-toxics-in-furniture/. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Antoniadou, Konstantina. “Fast Furniture Explained: Brands to Avoid + Sustainable Alternatives.” IndieGetup, 12 August 2023, https://indiegetup.com/fast-furniture-explained-brands-to-avoid-and-sustainable-alternatives/. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Berg, Bailey. “The Fast Furniture Problem.” Architectural Digest, 12 April 2021, https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sustainability-fast-furniture. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Film on child labour is eye-opener for IKEA.” IKEA Museum, https://ikeamuseum.com/en/explore/the-story-of-ikea/a-new-compass/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
“IKEA and Sustainability Efforts.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/about-us/were-all-in-this-together-pubc8331c51. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea, FSC actions on Siberia illegal logging scandal are a start. In our climate crisis, they must do much more.” Earthsight, 6 September 2021, https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/blog-ikea-fsc-actions-on-siberia-illegal-logging-scandal-are-a-start-in-our-climate-crisis-they-must-do-more. Accessed 18 July 2024.
“Ikea likely to have sold furniture linked to illegal logging in forests crucial to Earth's climate, report says.” NBC News, 18 July 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/ikea-likely-sold-furniture-linked-illegal-logging-forests-crucial-earth-n1273745. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“Ikea likely to have sold furniture linked to illegal logging in forests crucial to Earth's climate, report says.” NBC News, 14 July 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/ikea-likely-sold-furniture-linked-illegal-logging-forests-crucial-earth-n1273745. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's House of Horrors.” Earthsight, https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/investigations/ikea-house-of-horrors. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea, the tree hunter - Collections.” Disclose.ngo, 21 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/investigations/ikea-the-tree-hunter. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“In New Zealand, Ikea hogs land, jeopardising native ecosystems.” Disclose.ngo, 29 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/in-new-zealand-ikea-hogs-land-jeopardising-native-ecosystems. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Kamin, Debra. “How Cheap ‘Fast Furniture’ Could Soon Clog Landfills.” The New York Times, 20 June 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/31/realestate/fast-furniture-clogged-landfills.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Miller, Marissa. “9 sustainable furniture brands for your home in 2023.” CNN, 17 February 2023, https://edition.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/home/sustainable-eco-friendly-furniture. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Mugho, Liz. “Fast Furniture: What it is, Ways to Avoid it, and Ways to Shop Sustainably.” Brightmark, 12 June 2023, https://www.brightmark.com/newsroom/fast-furniture-what-it-is-ways-to-avoid-it-and-ways-to-shop-sustainably. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Our sustainability strategy.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/us/en/this-is-ikea/climate-environment/the-ikea-sustainability-strategy-pubfea4c210. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Our sustainability strategy.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/climate-environment/the-ikea-sustainability-strategy-pubfea4c210. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“(PDF) Research on the Problems and Optimal Countermeasures in IKEA's Sustainability-based Management.” ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372795271_Research_on_the_Problems_and_Optimal_Countermeasures_in_IKEA's_Sustainability-based_Management. Accessed 19 July 2024.
Perry, Francesca. “Like fast fashion, ‘fast furniture’ is a problem for our planet.” CNN, 5 December 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/fast-furniture-problem-for-our-planet/index.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Perry, Francesca. “Like fast fashion, ‘fast furniture’ is a problem for our planet.” CNN, 5 December 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/fast-furniture-problem-for-our-planet/index.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Shrum, Adam. “Inside IKEA's Supply Chain & Inventory Management.” Dynamic Inventory, 21 August 2018, https://www.dynamicinventory.net/ikea-supply-chain-management/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
“STANDARD.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/global/en/images/IWAY_Standard_General_Section_Edition_60_6238ea7ef9.pdf. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“Track the IKEA expansion from 1950 to today.” IKEA Museum, https://ikeamuseum.com/en/explore/the-story-of-ikea/the-great-expansion/. Accessed 21 July 2024.
Norwich University of the Arts. “Is IKEA killing the planet?” Is IKEA killing the planet?, Norwich blogs, 15 March 2021, https://norwichuni.ac.uk/about-us/blog/is-ikea-killing-the-planet/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
Solutions & Alternatives
The struggle for a stylish home at an affordable price point has never been so real. With the looming threat of climate change, we’re caught as eco-friendly consumers between two sides: our old habits and the habits that help. In this economy, with skyrocketing house prices, it is difficult to buy good quality pieces for young people. Here are some of the possible solutions that avoid the furniture fast lane.
The first option you can consider is thrifting furniture or second-hand off websites, there are plenty of good quality pieces for an affordable price at your local second-hand store or on Facebook Marketplace. Looking for natural or organic sources and a sustainable origin of furniture can help you find more sustainable pieces, which can be recycled if worn down.
Another option is to buy from sustainable brands including Masaya and Co., which is a Nicaragua-based furniture firm that plants trees and uses them to make handcrafted furniture. Etsy also has a website called Etsy Reclaimed Furniture that allows you to browse second-hand furniture in your area that piques your fancy.
In recent years, there have been companies that offer people the opportunity to rent furniture over some time such as Fernish. For those, who are frequently relocating, this is a great option to not only save money but also the planet.
Through the furniture design process, many designers have taken a stand against fast furniture through their creative designs. Piet Hein Eek, a Dutch designer created a cabinet made out of scrap wood, it is an interpretation of the wastefulness of our resource usage. While Yinka Ilori, upcycles old furniture with new colors and aesthetics, breathing new life into chairs that were meant for the landfill. Taking a stand using their talents increases the options for consumers and allows them to use the power of choice to fight for the future of our planet.
What happens next….
When allegations of eco crimes against so-called sustainable organizations emerge in the news, as consumers we question the society we live in, unsure of our next steps. Do we hate the organization or continue our lives ignoring its impact on our world? That’s up to you. This is a call for consumers to be innovative with their habits and furniture within their own homes. There is no Planet B.
Works Cited
Aguayo, Jose. “What’s the Deal with Toxics in Furniture?” Center for Environmental Health, 12 December 2023, https://ceh.org/whats-the-deal-with-toxics-in-furniture/. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Antoniadou, Konstantina. “Fast Furniture Explained: Brands to Avoid + Sustainable Alternatives.” IndieGetup, 12 August 2023, https://indiegetup.com/fast-furniture-explained-brands-to-avoid-and-sustainable-alternatives/. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Berg, Bailey. “The Fast Furniture Problem.” Architectural Digest, 12 April 2021, https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/sustainability-fast-furniture. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Film on child labour is eye-opener for IKEA.” IKEA Museum, https://ikeamuseum.com/en/explore/the-story-of-ikea/a-new-compass/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
“IKEA and Sustainability Efforts.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/about-us/were-all-in-this-together-pubc8331c51. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea, FSC actions on Siberia illegal logging scandal are a start. In our climate crisis, they must do much more.” Earthsight, 6 September 2021, https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/blog-ikea-fsc-actions-on-siberia-illegal-logging-scandal-are-a-start-in-our-climate-crisis-they-must-do-more. Accessed 18 July 2024.
“Ikea likely to have sold furniture linked to illegal logging in forests crucial to Earth's climate, report says.” NBC News, 18 July 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/ikea-likely-sold-furniture-linked-illegal-logging-forests-crucial-earth-n1273745. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“Ikea likely to have sold furniture linked to illegal logging in forests crucial to Earth's climate, report says.” NBC News, 14 July 2021, https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/ikea-likely-sold-furniture-linked-illegal-logging-forests-crucial-earth-n1273745. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's House of Horrors.” Earthsight, https://www.earthsight.org.uk/news/investigations/ikea-house-of-horrors. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea's main supplier in Brazil accused of environmental damage.” Disclose.ngo, 26 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/ikeas-main-supplier-in-brazil-accused-of-environmental-damage. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Ikea, the tree hunter - Collections.” Disclose.ngo, 21 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/investigations/ikea-the-tree-hunter. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“In New Zealand, Ikea hogs land, jeopardising native ecosystems.” Disclose.ngo, 29 February 2024, https://disclose.ngo/en/article/in-new-zealand-ikea-hogs-land-jeopardising-native-ecosystems. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Kamin, Debra. “How Cheap ‘Fast Furniture’ Could Soon Clog Landfills.” The New York Times, 20 June 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/31/realestate/fast-furniture-clogged-landfills.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Miller, Marissa. “9 sustainable furniture brands for your home in 2023.” CNN, 17 February 2023, https://edition.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/home/sustainable-eco-friendly-furniture. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Mugho, Liz. “Fast Furniture: What it is, Ways to Avoid it, and Ways to Shop Sustainably.” Brightmark, 12 June 2023, https://www.brightmark.com/newsroom/fast-furniture-what-it-is-ways-to-avoid-it-and-ways-to-shop-sustainably. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Our sustainability strategy.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/us/en/this-is-ikea/climate-environment/the-ikea-sustainability-strategy-pubfea4c210. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“Our sustainability strategy.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/gb/en/this-is-ikea/climate-environment/the-ikea-sustainability-strategy-pubfea4c210. Accessed 20 July 2024.
“(PDF) Research on the Problems and Optimal Countermeasures in IKEA's Sustainability-based Management.” ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372795271_Research_on_the_Problems_and_Optimal_Countermeasures_in_IKEA's_Sustainability-based_Management. Accessed 19 July 2024.
Perry, Francesca. “Like fast fashion, ‘fast furniture’ is a problem for our planet.” CNN, 5 December 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/fast-furniture-problem-for-our-planet/index.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Perry, Francesca. “Like fast fashion, ‘fast furniture’ is a problem for our planet.” CNN, 5 December 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/fast-furniture-problem-for-our-planet/index.html. Accessed 20 July 2024.
Shrum, Adam. “Inside IKEA's Supply Chain & Inventory Management.” Dynamic Inventory, 21 August 2018, https://www.dynamicinventory.net/ikea-supply-chain-management/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
“STANDARD.” IKEA, https://www.ikea.com/global/en/images/IWAY_Standard_General_Section_Edition_60_6238ea7ef9.pdf. Accessed 21 July 2024.
“Track the IKEA expansion from 1950 to today.” IKEA Museum, https://ikeamuseum.com/en/explore/the-story-of-ikea/the-great-expansion/. Accessed 21 July 2024.
Norwich University of the Arts. “Is IKEA killing the planet?” Is IKEA killing the planet?, Norwich blogs, 15 March 2021, https://norwichuni.ac.uk/about-us/blog/is-ikea-killing-the-planet/. Accessed 19 July 2024.
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